Tesco验厂食品生产标准(TFMS标准)概述

Introduction to the Tesco Food Manufacturing Standard
Tesco验厂食品生产标准介绍

一、Aim 目的
Tesco is committed to ensuring all Tesco brand products produced by our suppliers are safe, meet legal requirements and are of the agreed quality. Suppliers must meet Tesco Ethical requirements (Tesco Ethical Trading Code of Practice – Document No 388).
乐购致力于保证供应商为乐购生产的自有品牌产品是安全且符合法规要求，并达到约定质量的产品。供应商必须符合乐购的道德贸易要求（乐购道德贸易COP――文件编号388）。


二、Objective 目标
The Tesco Food Manufacturing Standard (TFMS) clearly sets out our requirements for suppliers. In some instances the TFMS will make reference to a Code of Practice which is also applicable and details our additional requirements on this subject. Under no circumstance does adherence to the TFMS replace the need for compliance to all relevant legal standards in the country of manufacture or the intended country of sale. Compliance to the standard is in addition to the duty held by the supplier to produce safe and legal food.
乐购食品生产标准 (TFMS)清楚描述出了我们对供应商的要求。在某些情况下，TFMS 会引用到其它适用的COP 文件，该文件同样适用，成为该条款另外的要求。任何情况下，对本标准的符合性均不能代替符合生产所在国或预期销售国相关法律标准的必要性。供应商除了承担生产安全合法食品的职责以外，还应符合该标准要求。


三、Scope 范围
The TFMS is applicable to all primary and secondary food suppliers to Tesco, with the exception of those that supply whole fresh produce which are audited against the Tesco Produce Packhouse Standard (TPPS) document 414. Although identified as a food manufacturing standard, this document applies equally to sites packing food.
除了那些供应完整的生鲜产品的工厂使用TPPS 外，TFMS 的内容适用于所有供乐购的所有一级和二级食品供应商。虽然此文件被定为食品生产标准，但同样适用于包装食品的工厂。


四、The Arrangement and Configuration of the TFMS  TFMS 的结构与安排
The food manufacturing industry has many complexities. It encompasses many different technologies and specific product groups have their own individual risks associated e.g. the risks associated with short shelf life ready-to-eat chilled foods, will be significantly different to those associated with uncooked rice grains or canned Tuna fish.
食品生产行业有各种复杂性，它包含各种不同的工艺，并且不同的产品品类有各自不同的风险，如保质期很短的即食冷藏食品的风险，与生的谷物类的大米或金枪鱼罐头产品的风险是明显地不同的。

The controls required to ensure food safety will therefore be different for each product type, depending on a range of factors including personal hygiene, building fabrication, equipment design etc.
因而，针对每一个产品类型，其保证食品安全的控制要求将会不同，这个取决于一系的因素，包括个人卫生、建筑结构、设备结构等。

The TFMS details Tesco requirements for all types of food manufacturing (including the packing of food). It is divided into 35 sections and these are sub-divided into individual clauses (all uniquely numbered).
TFMS 描述了乐购对所有食品种类生产的要求（包括食品的分装）。它被分成【35 个章节】，每个章节又分成单独的条款（都有唯一的条款号）

To ensure that our requirements for some sectors of the industry e.g. ready-to-eat chilled foods, are not overly burdensome on other sectors, each clause of the TFMS has been given one of four classifications i.e. Base, Medium, High & Aspiration. The first 3 classifications relate to areas of a factory and the controls required. They must not be confused with common food industry terminology e.g. Base must not be used to describe ‘Low Risk.’ The requirements detailed for both Base & Medium may well apply
in a Low Risk environment (see glossary).
为了确保我们针对行业的某些部分的要求对其它部分不致过于繁琐（如对于即食的冷藏食品），TFMS 标准中的每一个条款被规定为四个级别中的一个，如：基本、中、高和期望。前三个级别与工厂不同区域和其控制要求相关联。它们一定不能与一般的食品行业术语相混淆，如“基本”不能用于描述“低风险”。基本和中的条款要求可以很好地应用于低风险环境（【见术语】）。

(1) Base 基本
Base factory areas are those where the product is fully enclosed or packaged. These requirements apply to all manufacturing/ packing sites irrespective of the product or process. If specific parts of the factory are operated at Medium or High standards, these areas must also comply with all of the Base requirements.
属于基本的工厂区域的是，该区域产品是完全密封或包装状态。这些要求适用于所有的生产/包装工厂，无论什么产品或加工过程。如果工厂的某些部分按中或高的标准要求操作，这些区域也必须符合所有的基本的要求。

(2) Medium 中
These requirements specifically apply to areas of the factory where food is OPEN or EXPOSED to contamination (therefore increasing the risk in these areas). Associated areas or processes e.g. utensil washing/ storage, de-boxing/ handling food-contact packaging, equipment used for filling containers etc. will also be considered Medium areas. The clauses classified as Medium will be applicable in addition to all relevant Base requirements.
这些要求专门应用于食品是开放的或暴露的区域，因些在这些区域增加了被污染的风险。相关的区域或过程（如：工器具清洗/存放，去掉外箱/处理食品接触的包装材料，用作灌装容器的设备等）也考虑为中区域，在这些区域，除了基本条款要求外，定义为中等的条款也将适用。

(3) High 高
These requirements apply to all areas that are identified as handling or processing high-risk or high-care products. The clauses classified as high will be applicable, in addition to the relevant Base and Medium requirements.
这些要求应用于所有被确认为处理或加工高风险或高防护产品的区域，在这些区域，除了基本和中等条款要求外，被定义为高级别的条款也将适用。

The risk in this area is higher than that in the Base / Medium area e.g. the product may be susceptible to the growth of pathogenic bacteria and may be provided to the consumer as a ready-to-eat item.
这个区域内的风险比基本/中等区域的高，如产品可能会被污染，导致致病菌增殖，并可作为即食产品提供给消费者

High Care/ High Risk must be physically segregated from Low Risk e.g. by a dividing wall
高风险/高防护区域必须与低风险区域物理地隔开，如有分隔的墙。

(4) Aspiration (APSN)期望
Some sections have additional elements (Aspirations) which Tesco believe will help move standards forward within the food supply base. These are not prescribed requirements but it must be noted that ASPN clauses may potentially become requirements in future versions of the TFMS.
有些章节还包括另外的一些要素，乐购认为这些要素有助于在食品供应基地内推动标准的实施。它们并非规定的要求，但必须说明的是，这些期望条款在以后的TFMS 版本中可能潜在地变成标准要求。

(5) Base, Medium, High – In Combination at a Factory 基本、中等、高等在一个工厂中的组合
Base, Medium & High classifications represent the level of control required to effectively manage the risk at each stage in the process or type of production environment. They therefore reflect the risk presented to the raw materials, work in progress or finished products from associated hazards e.g. foreign body contamination or microbiological contamination (possibly originating from personnel,manufacturing equipment, unprocessed raw materials or the building fabrication).
基本、中等、高等的级别体现的是控制要求的级别，这些级别用于有效地管理每一个加工阶段或加工环境的类型的风险。因此，它们反映了出现在原料，加工过程或成品中的源自相关危害的风险，如异物污染或微生物污染（很可能源自人员、加工设备、未加工的原料或建筑设施）。

Factories that contain Medium or High areas must not be thought of as a ‘Medium’ or ‘High’ factory. It is more appropriate to consider that a factory may have Base, Medium and High areas and that the product risk / controls required, will be different in each area.
包含有“中等”或“高等”区域的工厂，不能被认为是一个“中风险”或“高风险”的工厂。如果认为该工厂有基本、中等和高等区域，并且其产品风险/控制要求在各个区域会不一样，将会更合理。

Note: If a factory operates a Low Risk / High Care divide (as above), Low Risk may include both Base and Medium controls i.e. it is not expected or required that sites use the term Medium to describe parts of their factory. Medium just describes the level of control required
注：如果一个工厂是低风险／高防护部分，低风险可能包括“基本”和“中”控制要求，如不希望或要求工厂用“中等”这个词来描述该区域。“中等”仅用于描述其控制要求的级别。


五、Auditing of the Standard 标准的审核
Tesco reserves the right to undertake regular audits against this standard (at factories manufacturing / packing Tesco brand) and will determine the degree of compliance to each section. Information on the Tesco audit process can be found on the Tesco Technical Library (TTL) or from aTesco Technical Manager. There is a likelihood that some non-conformances will be raised during the audit and these will be categorized as:
Tesco 有权依此标准要求定期进行审核（在生产／包装Tesco 产品的工厂），并确定每个工厂符合性的级别。在Tesco 技术网站(TTL)上或从负责的Tesco 技术经理处，可获得有关Tesco 审核流程的信息。在审核的过程中，很可能会产生一些不符合项，这些不符合项将被分类为：

● Critical - Failure to meet a food safety standard or a legal standard; where this failure puts the customer and or Tesco brand integrity at risk.
关键－不符合食品安全标准或法规要求，这个不符合将使顾客或Tesco 品牌形象处于危险之中。

● Major – A deficiency which requires prompt attention to prevent a potential food safety failure or legal issue from arising; where this failure may potentially put customers or the Tesco brand integrity at risk.
严重－一个缺失，需要尽快解决以防进一步发展造成潜在的食品安全不符或合法性问题，这个不符合可能潜在地会使顾客或Tesco 品牌形象处于危险之中。

● Minor – A deficiency which requires attention to improve Good Manufacturing Practice standards, Due Diligence documentation (Tesco ability to defend a legal challenge) or to achieve compliance with Tesco standards.
一般－一个缺失，需要解决以提高良好生产规范标准，尽职尽责文件（Tesco抵御执法质询的能力），或对Tesco标准的符合性。

Depending on the category of non conformances and numbers identified, sites will receive a specific rating.
依据发现的不符合项的类别和数量，工厂将获得一明确的等级：
● Blue 蓝灯= Satisfactory 满意
● Green 绿灯 = Satisfactory 满意
● Amber 黄灯 = Improvement needed 需要提高
● Double Amber 双黄灯 = Improvement needed 需要提高
● Red 红灯= Not Satisfactory 不满意

Note. Double Amber status is used for sites which have consecutive Ambers (and those which were Red prior to Amber).
注：双黄灯的情况被用于连续两次得黄灯的工厂（并且这些优先得红灯，而非黄灯）


六、New Sites 新工厂
In instances where a site has not previously worked with Tesco i.e. the audit is undertaken as part of the initial ‘approval process’, the rating will be either Approved or Not Approved.
对于一个工厂之前没有与Tesco 合作的情况下，作为批准供应商的一部分而进行的审核，审核的等级将为“批准”或“不批准”。


七、Country Specific Requirements各国特别的要求
Although this Food Manufacturing Standard is a ‘Group’ document i.e. it applies globally; a small number of the clauses may apply only to factories supplying products to Tesco stores in specific countries e.g. to Tesco UK.
虽然这个TFMS 是一个集团文件，在全球执行，但是少量的条款可能仅适用于工厂供应的Tesco门店所有的国家，如Tesco 英国。

Where this is the case, the clause will be in “italics” and slightly shaded (grey). It also will note the specific country / countries where it is applicable e.g clause 3.10 Controlled Ingredients.
有这种情况时，该条款将为“斜体字”和淡的灰色阴影。并且标有明确的的适用国家，如条款“3.10 受控的原料”。

The TFMS also makes reference to additional Tesco Codes of Practice and again these may also only be applicable to factories supplying products to Tesco stores in specific countries e.g. the UK (this will be clearly noted)
TFMS 也引用额外的Tesco COP，这些COP 也会仅适用于工厂供应的Tesco 门店所在的特定国家，如英国（这个也有明确的标注）


八、TFMS Category Guidelines TFMS 分类指南
Due to the nature of certain product types e.g. Fermented meats and Un-pasteurised cheese; there may be additional guideline documents that need to be read in conjunction with the TFMS. Suppliers must ensure that they have all the relevant documents and if they are unsure, any questions must be directed to the relevant Tesco Technical Manager.
由于特定的产品类型的自然特点，如发酵肉和未红巴氏杀菌的奶酪，额外的指引文件与TFMS一样，需要了解。供应商必须确保已经取得所有的相关的文件，如果他们不确定，任何问题应直接联系相关的Tesco 技术经理。